أبرز أسباب و أعراض سرطان الدم (اللوكيميا)
سرطان الدم أو كما يدعى اللوكيميا (Leukemia) أو إبيضاض الدم ، هو نوع من أنواع السرطانات المنتشرة بشكل واسع في الوقت الحالي ، حيث يتشكل في أنسجة الجسم التي بدورها تعتبر مسؤولة عن إنتاج خلايا الدم الموجودة في نقي العظم و الجهاز اللمفاوي بصفة عامة ، فهو مرض خبيث فتاك و يتصف بزيادة بنسبة هاىلة لكريات البيضاء التي يتمثل دورها بالصفة الطبيعية بأنها تقوم بمحاربة الأمراض و الجراثيم و كل الأجسام الغريبة التي تهدد صحة الجسم ، فتصبح هذه الخلايا غير الطبيعية و الغير ناضجة التي يتم تشكيلها في نقي العظم و بالتالي تسمى الأورمة.
سنتحدث في موضوعنا هدا عن أسباب حدوث سرطان الدم و جميع أعراضه و مختلف طرق علاجه ، عزيزي القارئ إن كان يهمك موضوعنا فتابع معي للأخير .
المحتويات
أسباب سرطان الدم “اللوكيميا” :
لحد الان لم تتوصل الأبحاث الطبية الحديثة الى أسباب محددة لظهور مرض سرطان الدم الخبيث ، فهو يظهر بسبب تلف الحمض النووي لنوع من خلايا الدم تحديدا الكريات البيضاء ، و لكن توجد بعض الأسباب المختلفة التي ترفع من نسبة إحتمالية هدا التلف عند تراكمها بالعضوية ، و نذكر منها :
العامل الوراثي : ( ربما في التاريخ العائلي ، يوجد أشخاص يعانون من هذا المرض ) اذا من الممكن ان يظهر بسبب أشخاص كانو يحملون المرض في شجرة العائلة .
ـ التدخين : و هو من بين اكثر الأسباب شيوعا ، حيث يساهم بدوره في زيادة نسبة الإصابة بسرطان النخاع الحاد .
ـ الإضطرابات التي تحدث بالدم : على سبيل المثال كالإصابة بمتلازمة خلل التنسج النقوي ( بريلوكيميا ) .
ـ من بعض اسباب ظهور سرطان الدم ايضا ، علاج مرض السرطان في وقت سابق هو من بين أسباب ظهور المرض مرة اخرى ، و ذلك بسبب التعرض للعلاج الكيمياىي و كذلك العلاج الاشعاعي .
ـ المواد الكيميائية بأنواعها ، و الاشعاعات التي تهدد صحة الجسم .
ـ الإضطرابات الوراثية مثل متلازمة داون ( خلل موجود في الجينات الوراثية ) .
أعراض سرطان الدم (اللوكيميا) :
في أغلب الأحيان ، و عند أغلب الحالات قد لا يشكو المصاب من أي أعراض خاصة في المراحل الأولى من المرض ، لكن بمجرد تجاوزه للمرحلة المبكرة يمكن أن تظهر عليه بعض الأعراض الاتية :
ـ الإصابة بفقر الدم نتيجة ارتفاع نسبة الخلايا البيضاء أكثر من الخلايا الدموية الحمراء ، مما يسبب شحوب واضح في لون الجلد ، و ذلك بسبب الوصول البطيئ للأكسجين إلى كل أعضاء و أنسجة الجسم .
ـ نقص مناعة الجسم ، مما يسبب سهولة و زيادة نسبة الإصابة بالعدوى من شخص اخر لمختلف الأمراض كإلتهابات الحلق ، الزكام …. الخ .
ـ ظهور الكدمات في مختلف المناطق من الجسد ، و النزيف كنزيف الأنف و نزيف اللثة أو ملاحظة وجود دم في البول .
ـ فقدان الوزن بسبب فقدان الشهية ، بالاضافة الى الشعور بالتعب و الارهاق طيلة الوقت بسبب المرض ، حيث ان بعض المرضى يعانون من التعرق الليلي ، و للحمى التي بدورها ربما تستمر لأكثر من أسبوعين متتاليين .
ـ زيادة حجم الكبد او الطحال .
ـ ملاحظة وجود بقع حمراء أو نقط صغيرة على الجلد .
ـ ألم على مستوى العظم و أحيانا حساسية .
ـ ضيق التنفس عند ممارسة أي نشاط بدني .
تزداد حدة الأعراض على حسب كمية الخلايا المصابة و موقع تراكمها .
علاج سرطان الدم :
يختلف هدا النوع عن السراطانات الأخرى و ذلك بان ابيضاض الدم لا يؤدي الى تكون كتلة صلبة التي يستطيع الطبيب المختص استاصالها بعملية جراحية ، و لهذا السبب يعتبر علاج هذا النوع من السرطانات انه معقد جدا من حيث الوضع الصحي و السن و نوع الابيضاض و كذلك الاعضاء التي قام بالوصول اليها ، بالنسبة لطرق علاج اللوكيميا فنذكر :
ـ المتابعة بالعلاج الكيميائي Chemotherapy .
ـ الخضوع للعلاج الاشعاعي Radiotherapy .
ـ عملية زرع نقي العظم Bone Marrow Transplantation .
ـ عملية زرع الخلايا الجذعية Stem Cells Transplantation .
الطب البديل في علاج سرطان الدم :
أعشاب مفيدة في علاج اللوكيميا :
بالرغم من انه لا توجد بحاث ماكدة لعلاج سرطان الدم بالاعشاب الطبيعية ، الا ان هنالك بعض الاعشاب التي تحتوي على مواد يحتاجها الجسم لمحاربة المرض، نذكر منها :
الثوم : لاحتوائه على مجموعة من المضادات الحيوية التي توجد في بعض الادوية .
. الزنجبيل : اشارت ابحاث حديثة على ان الزنجبيل يحتوي على بعض المواد الكيميائية ، التي تقوم بدورها بتوقيف نمو الخلايا السرطانية .
. اكليل الجبل : او كما يسمى الروزماري ، حيث يحتوي على حمض الكارونسيك الذي يعتبر من مضادات الاكسدة .
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