الحياة والمجتمع

طرق تعليم الاطفال الكتابة

طرق تعليم الاطفال الكتابة وما العمر المناسب لإمساك طفلي القلم ؟

تعد الكتابة أحد المهارات الواجب تعلمها كونها الذراع الأساسي للمستقبل ، من أساليب رعاية الاطفال والاهتمام بهم هو تعليمهم مهارات مختلفة كالكتابة والقراءة . عادةً ما يكون للطفل رغبة شديدة وحماس في تعلم كل ما هو جديد فنجده في مراحله الأولى من مسك القلم يخط خطوط عشوائية وعلى وجه علامات الفرح والاستمتاع . كيف يمكنك تطوير مهارات طفلك ومتى نبدأ ؟ وما عي الطرق الصحيحة لتعليم طفلك الكتابة ؟

طرق تغليم الطفل الكتابة

العمر المناسب لإستخدام طفلي القلم

أشارات الدراسات بأن العمر المناسب لبدأ تطور قبضة اليد تدريجياً هو بدءاً من العام ونصف ،نلاحظ منذ العام الأول من عمر الطفل حتى مننصف العام الثالث من عمره بأن الطفل لا يتحكم بإمساك القلم فيقوم بإمساكه والسيطرة عليه بالمسكة الإسطوانية. لذلك أشارت الدراسات الحديثة بأن العمر المناسب لإمساك الطفل القلم هي ما بين عمر الرابعة والرابعة ونصف حتى يتم إكتمال نمو عضلة اليد .

يبدأ الطفل بالمسكة الإسطوانية ثم المسكة الرقمية ثم يتطور لإمساك القلم المسكة الثلاثية المعدلة ثم يتمكن الطفل من إمساك القلم من منتصف العام الرابع لى العام السابع بإمساكه المسكة الثلاثية (ارجل الضفدعة) وهى المسكة الصحيحة للكتابة .

طرق تعليم الطفل الكتابة

مراحل تعليم طفلك الكتابة 

مرحلة ما قبل الكتابة

  1. متى تبدأ؟ أظهرت الدراسات الحديثة بأن من الأفضل تأخير التعليم الأكاديمي القراءة والكتابة حتى سن السادسة من عمر الطفل والتركيز على الانشطة التي بدورها تساعد على تطوير دماغه .
  2. إعداد الطفل : أشارات الدراسات الحديثة بأن مرحلة إعداد الطفل للكتابة تعد من المراحل الاساسية التي تساعد على تطوير وتعلم الكتابة لطفلك بشكل سليم ، كل ما عليك في هذه المرحلة تدريب يد وعضلات طفلك إستعداداً لعملية الكتابة بأمساك القلم بطريقته الصحيحة عن طريق ألعاب وانشطة مثل :
    1. اللعب في المعجون .
    2. اللعب في المكعبات .
    3. استخدام المقص في قص الأوراق.
    4. المساعدة في تلوين الاشكال .
    5. استخدام نشاط لصق الاشكال على الورق .
    6. اللعب في الرمل
  3. تعليم الطفل حروف الهجاء 
    1. غناء الحروف : عن طريق مشاهدة بعض الفيديوهات التعليمية التي توفر صور مرئية تساعد على تعلم الطفل الجروف .
    2. التعليم عن طريق استعمال البطاقات المُلونة، والكتب المُصورة : إن ربط الصورة بالحرف تعد من اكثر الطرق متعة للطفل  .
    3. قراءة كتب الأحرف الهجائية مع التركيز على كل حرف  .                                                                                                                     
  4. التدريب على الكتابة :
    1. تشكيل الحروف بالصلصال أو المعجون أو الرسم على الرمل  لإتقان أشكال الحروف ومن ثم كتابتها
    2. استخدام مبدأ التنقيط للمساعدة في تشكيل الحرف .

نصائح لتعليم طفلك الكتابة 

وفري لطفلك مجموعة من أقلام التلوين، أو أقلام الماركر لتشجيعه على الكتابة، وتأكدي أن الطفل قادر على الإمساك بالأقلام والتلوين أو الكتابة، حالة ما كانت مهاراته الحركية والذهنية تتطور بشكل سليم

هناك مجموعة من النصائح التي تسهل عليك تعليم الطفل الكتابة :

  1. توفير الألوان : إن الألوان المستخدمة في التلوين تعد من الوسائل التي تساعد وتشجع الطفل على تعلم الكتابة، وذلك لأن الألوان تساهم في تنمية عقل الطفل ومهاراته وتسليته فلا يشعر بالملل خلال عملية الكتابة.
  2. علمي طفلك أن يمسك القلم  بإصبعين فقط في البداية. هذا يعني أن خط يده سيكون ضعيفًا ولكنه سيساعده على الحصول على قبضة يد جيدة .
  3. بطاقات الأبجدية : حيث تكتب حروف الأبجدية على جانب واحد من الكارت، بينما تكتب كلمة مطابقة مع صورة على الجانب الآخر من الكارت
  4. التنوع في أساليب التعليم : ان يكون التعليم عن طريق اللعب أو قراءة القصص أو بإستخدام التكنولوجيا .
  5. إعطاء الطفل اقلام قصيرة لمساعدته على إمساكها والتحكم بها بسهولة .
  6. الكتابة أمام الطفل : يميل كثير من الأبناء إلى تقليد ابائهم خصصي بعض الوقت للكتابة أمام طفلك .
  7. التكرار : يجب تكرار كتابة الحرف لتركيز شكله في ذهن الطفل ولإتقان كتابته .
  8. مكافأة الطفل وتشجيعه : كافئي طفلك كلما أحرز تقدماُ في عملية الكتابة .
  9. عدم الضغط على الطفل .

قد يواجه الأطفال مشكلات اثناء تعلم الكتابة مثل فرط النشاط ، وقلة الانتباه والتركيز ، وعدم المقدرة على التنسيق بين اليد والعين . وذلك يعود بسبب عدم تطوير مهاراتهم الحركية ، يمكنك مساعدة طفلك على حل المشكلات السابقة بممارسة نشاط اللعب بمضرب التنس وذلك لتحسين قدرة الطفل ومساعدته على التنسيق بين العين واليد .

اشار الخبراء بأن الأطفال يتعلمون كيفية الكتابة فقط بمجرد أن يتعلموا شكل كل حرف من الأحرف الهجائية. مثلاً ، بمجرد أن يتعلم الطفل كيف يبدو شكل حرق “أ” ، يمكنه تخيل شكل هذا الحرف في عقله ومن ثم بقوم بكتابته . إن كثرة التدريب هي التي تساعد على تحسين مهارة الكتابة .

مقالات ذات صلة

‫222 تعليقات

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