تشير بعض الدراسات حاليا إلى أن نحو 80 في المئة من المصابين بالفيروس يشعرون بأعراض طفيفة، وبعضهم يمر عليه الفيروس بدون حدوث أي أعراض ، والبعض الاخر قد يعاني من أعراض حادة.
المحتويات
فما هو هذا المرض؟ وماذا تفعل وما سبل الوقاية من كوفيد 19؟
يعد فيروس كورونا ذات تشعب لفصيلة كبيرة من الفيروسات التي تصيب الرئتين،إذ إن أعراضه الرئيسية هي: الحمى والسعال الجاف المستمر، وهناك بعض الاعراض التي يمكن حدوثها والتي تعد الأقل شيوعاً والتي قد تصيب بعض المرضى، فقدان الذوق أو الشم، والآم المفاصل والعضلات ، والصداع، واحمرار العينين والتهاب اللوزتين ، واحتقان الأنف، والإسهال، وربما الطفح الجلدي. أشارت منظمة الصحة العالمية بأن فترة حضانة الفايروس في جسم الإنسان تصل إلى 14 يوما بينما يستغرق الجسم مدة خمسة أيام في المتوسط حتى يبدأ ظهور الأعراض عليه . تشير الدراسات التي قامت بنشرها مجلة طبية بريطانية إلى أن 78 في المئة من المصابين بفيروس كورونا (كوفيد-19) تظهر عليهم أعراض طفيفة أو إنها لا تظهر عليهم أي أعراض .
كيف ينتشر فيروس كورونا؟
اشارت الدراسات بأن انتشار الفايروس من شخص لآخر يحدث من خلال المخالطة اللصيقة (ضمن 2 متر). إذ إنه قد ينتشر الفيروس عن طريق الرذاذ التنفسي المنطلق أي عندما يسعل المصاب بالفيروس أو يعطس أو يتنفس يمكن للطرف الاخر استنشاق هذا الرذاذ الخارج أو دخوله في فم شخص قريب أو أنفه أو عينه وبذلك يكون قد التقط الفيروس.يمكن أحيانًا أن ينتشر فيروس كورونا في الهواء حين تعرض الشخص لاجزاء صغيرة تبقى عالقة في الهواء لعدة دقائق أو ساعات . ويمكن أن ينتقل أيضًا إذا لمس الشخص سطحًا عليه الفيروس .
ما الذي يمكنني فعله إذا أُصبت بكوفيد 19؟
إذا ظهرت عليك أعراض فيروس كورونا كالحمى والسعال وصعوبة التنفس، التمس الرعاية الطبية على الفور. بالاتصال بالطبيب لأخذ الإجراءات والاستشارة اللازمة بخصوص ما يجب عليك فعله، أو الذهاب الى المستشفى في حال كان وضعك الصحي مستقر التزم التدابيرو الاحتياطات التالية لتجنب ومنع نشر فيروس كوفيد 19:
- الزَم البيت ولا تذهب للأماكن العامة .
- إذا أمكنك الخروج، تجنب استخدام وسائل النقل العام .
- ارتدِ كمامة قماشية أثناء وجودك حول الآخرين .
- اعزل نفسك عن الآخرين في منزلك .
- استخدم غرفة نوم وحمامًا منفصلَيْن إن أمكن.
- تجنَّب مشاركة الأطباق وأكواب الشراب وأغطية الفراش .
إذا كنت تعاني من صعوبة التنفس عند إصابتك بكوفيد 19 فيجب عليك الذهاب للمستشفى لتقديم الرعاية اللازمة التي تتختص في فحص الرئتين ، فبعض الحالات تشخص على نقلها إلى وحدات العناية المركزة و البعض يشخص على حاجته للحصول على أكسجين لمساعدة على التنفس، والذي يمكن أن يتم باستخدام قناع للوجه أو تمرير أنبوب في الأنف. وقد يلجأ الأطباء إلى استخدام جهاز التنفس الصناعي مع المرضى الذين يعانون من خطر شديد .
من هم الأكثر تعرض لخطر الإصابة بفيروس كوفيد 19 ؟
إن الأكثر عرضة للإصابة بالفيروس هم كبار السن والأشخاص الذين لديهم أمراض مزمنة كالربة والسكري وأمراض القلب .
كيف أحمي نفسي من خطر الإصابة بفايروس كوفيد 19 :
- اغسِل يديك باستمرار. باستخدِم الماء والصابون واستخدم محلولاً كحولياً في حين كنت في الخارج لتعقيم يديك .
- أجعل بينك وبين الآخرين مسافة امان متر واحد على الأقل ابتعد عن الآخرين وفي حين كنت داخل أماكن مغلقة يجب ترك مسافة اكبر بينك وبين الاخرين .
- ضَع كمامة ،يجب عليك استعمال الكمامة وحفظها بطريقة صحيحة بعيدا عن مصادر التلوث وتجديدها بشكل متكرر لجعلها فعالة قدر الإمكان.
- احرص على تغطية أنفك وفمك بثني المرفق أو بمنديل ورقي عند السعال أو العطس والتخلص من المنديل مباشرة بعد الاستعمال.
- نظف الأسطح وطهّرها بشكل دائم ، مثل مقابض الأبواب والحنفيات وشاشات الهاتف.
- ابق في المنزل إذا شعرا بالمرض .
ما هي احتمالات الموت جراء الإصابة بكوفيد 19 ؟
تشير دراسات الباحثين أنّ ما بين 5 و40 حالة من كل 1000 حالة إصابة بفيروس كورونا كان مصيرها الوفاة، وأن أفضل تصور لمعدل الوفاة هو موت تسعة أشخاص من كل 1000 حالة إصابة بالفيروس أو نحو 1 في المئة منها. وهذا يعتمد على عدة عوامل منها العمر والجنس والتاريخ المرضي للشخص ونظامه الصحي .
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