صحة و جمال

ثمانية أضرار غير متوقعة لعادة التدخين السيئة 2021

في هذا المقال لنا اقتراب خاص من عادة التدخين السيئة حيث ندرس ست من أضراره التي ربما لا يعلم الكثير من الناس عنها شيئا, الآن سوف نتعرف على هذه الأضرار الآن لكي تبتعد عن هذه العادة السيئة تماما وتبتعد عن من يمارسها, فهيا بنا….

أثر التدخين على الجهاز التنفسي

يتعرض الجهاز التنفسي للجرعة الكبرى من الدخان فنجد أن مكونات الدخان تؤدي إلى تهيج الأغشية المخاطية المبطنة للجهاز التنفسي فتؤدي إلى زيادة إفرازها وهذا يتبعه التهاب شعبي مزمن مع كحة مزمنة لطرد هذه الإفرازات الزائدة ومع الاستمرار في الدخان يؤدي هذا إلى مرض الانتفاخ الرئوي أو ما يعرف طبيا باسم الامفزيما وكلاهما يؤدي في النهاية إلى الفشل التنفسي.

كما أن التدخين يؤدي إلى انقباض الشمعيات الهوائية وهذا يؤدي إلى ضيق التنفس وسوء حالة المدخن فلا يستطيع القيام بأي مجهود عضلي, وتزداد حالة المدخن سواء باستمرار تدخينه وعلى مر السنين ومع طول أذى وتهيج الخلايا الرئوية بسبب المواد المحترقة بدخان السيجارة وتتحول تلك الخلايا إلى خلايا سرطانية مسببة سرطان الرئة.

وقد وجد أن نسبة سرطان الرئة مرتفعة بين الذكور عنها في الإناث نظرا لانتشار التدخين بينهم أكثر من الإناث. وكذلك وجد أن نسبة الوفيات بين مرضى سرطان الرئة للمدخنين أكثر منها بين مرضى سرطان الرئة في غير المدخنين.

  • التدخين

تأثير أول أكسيد الكربون

وهو ذلك الغاز الذي يستنشقه المدخن يقلل من قدرة الدم على حمل الأوكسيجين إلى خلايا الجسم عامة خاصة الكبد مما يترتب عليه تقليل نشاط الإنزيمات وبالتالي يؤثر على قدرة الجسم على سرعة التخلص من المواد الضارة التييتعرض لها الإنسان مثل عادم السيارات والمبيدات الحشرية وعادم المصانع والأدوية والتي تحتوي على العديد من المواد المسببة للسرطان.

تأثير الأحماض العضوية الموجودة في السجائر

نتناول يوميا في طعامنا كميات كبيرة من أيون النيتريت وكذلك القلويات العضوية الثنائية واتحاد هاتين المادتين يكون مجموعة من المواد الكيميائية تعرف باسم النيتروزامينات وهي من أشد المواد إحداثا للسرطان ويلزم لتكوينها وسط حامضي هو ذلك الناتج من الأحماض الخاصة بالسجائر.

تأثير التدخين على الجهاز الدوري

التدخين يؤدي إلى ضيق الأوعية الدموية لما يحتويه من النيكوتين كذلك تأثير أول أكسيد الكربون الذي يؤثر على قدرة الهيموجلوبين على حمل الأوكسيجن ويساعد على ترسب الدهون في جدار الأوعية الدموية مما يترتب على ذلك حدوث تصلب الشرايين والأمراض الاسكيمية للقلب والمخ والأطراف وغيرها.

تأثير التدخين على الجهاز الهضمي

التدخين يؤدي إلى التهابات اللثة وتسوس الأسنان وفقدان الشهية وتنقص الوزن, كما أن هناك علاقة وطيدة بين قرحة المعدة والاثنى عشر والتدخين فيتضاعف حدوثها بين المدخنين عنها في غير المدخنين.

تأثير التدخين على المولود

التدخين في خلال فترة الحمل يؤدي إلى إلحاق أضرار بالجنين فقد يؤدي إلى ولادة مبتسرة (وزن المولود أقل من الطبيعي) أو تشوهات خلقية للجنين أو قد يؤدي إلى ولادة مبكرة أو إجهاض كما تشير الدراسات إلى أن النساء اللاتي يقلعن عن التدخين في بدء الحمل ينجبن أطفال أصحاء وكأنهن لم يدخن من قبل على الإطلاق، كما أن السيدة المدخنة التي تستعمل حبوب منع الحمل قد تتعرض إلى الإصابة بأمراض القلب والأوعية الدموية أكثر منها في غير المدخنات.

أضرار أخرى لـ التدخين

أثبتت الأبحاث أن هناك علاقة بين التدخين وعدة أنواع من الأورام السرطانية مثل سرطان الشفة واللسان والحنجرة والرئة والبلعوم والمرئ والمعدة والبنكرياس والكبد والمثانة. كما يؤدي التدخين إلى التهابات اللثة وتسوس الأسنان وفقدانها.

تأثير الدخان على غير المدخنين

التدخين في أماكن مغلقة أو مزدحمة غير متجددة الهواء يؤدي إلى تلوث الجو بالمواد الناتجة من احتراق الدخان وهذا يؤثر على صحة غير المدخنين إذا تعرضوا لهذا الدخان وخاصة الأطفال, وهذه الأضرار الصحية تزداد مع زيادة عدد السجائر المدخنة يوميا, وكذلك مدة التدخين ويزداد ذلك إلى النزلات الشعبية المتكررة والربو.

كما أنه من الحقائق المعروفة أن التدخين يؤثر على متوسط عمر الإنسان فمع تدخين كل سيجارة ينقص عمر المدخن من خمس إلى ست دقائق وكذلك نسبة الوفيات من كافة الأمراض أعلى بين المدخنين عنها في غير المدخنين.

كما أن التدخين يؤثر على درجة ذكاء وتحصيل الطالب أثناء الدراسة وبالتالي على مستوى نجاحه وكذلك يؤثر التدخين على اللياقة البدنية وقدرة الإنسان على ممارسة الرياضة.

مقالات ذات صلة

‫174 تعليقات

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